Professional C# 6 and .NET Core 1.0

Published by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-1-119-09660-3

ISBN: 978-1-119-09671-9 (ebk)

ISBN: 978-1-119-09663-4 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (877) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016932153

Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

About the Author

CHRISTIAN NAGEL is Microsoft MVP for Visual Studio and Development Technologies, and has been Microsoft Regional Director for more than 15 years. Christian is an associate of thinktecture and founder of CN innovation, where he offers training and consulting on how to develop solutions using the Microsoft platform. He draws on more than 25 years of software development experience.

Christian started his computing career with PDP 11 and VAX/VMS systems at Digital Equipment Corporation, covering a variety of languages and platforms. Since 2000, when .NET was just a technology preview, he has been working with various technologies to build .NET solutions. Currently, he mainly coaches people on development of Universal Windows Platform apps and ASP.NET MVC, using several Microsoft Azure service offerings.

Even after many years in software development, Christian still loves learning and using new technologies and teaching others how to use the new technologies in various forms. Using his profound knowledge of Microsoft technologies, he has written numerous books, and is certified as Microsoft Certified Trainer and Certified Solution Developer. Christian speaks at international conferences such as TechEd, BASTA!, and TechDays. He founded INETA Europe to support .NET user groups. You can contact Christian via his website www.cninnovation.com and follow his tweets at @christiannagel.

About the Technical Editor

ISTVÁN NOVÁK is an associate and the chief technology consultant with SoftwArt, a small Hungarian IT consulting company. He works as a software architect and community evangelist. In the last 25 years, he has participated in more than 50 enterprise software development projects. In 2002, he coauthored the first Hungarian book about .NET development. In 2007, he was awarded the Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) title, and in 2011 he became a Microsoft Regional Director. István coauthored Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4 Six-in-One (Wiley, 2010) and Beginning Windows 8 Application Development (Wiley, 2012), and he authored Beginning Visual Studio LightSwitch Development (Wiley, 2011). István holds master’s degree from the Technical University of Budapest, Hungary and also has a doctoral degree in software technology. He lives in Dunakeszi, Hungary, with his wife and two daughters. He is a passionate scuba diver. You may have a good chance of meeting him underwater in the Red Sea, any season of the year.

Credits

SENIOR ACQUISITIONS EDITOR
Ken Brown

PROJECT EDITOR
Charlotte Kughen

TECHNICAL EDITOR
István Novák

PRODUCTION EDITOR
Dassi Zeidel

MANAGER OF CONTENT DEVELOPMENT & ASSEMBLY
Mary Beth Wakefield

PRODUCTION MANAGER
Kathleen Wisor

MARKETING DIRECTOR
David Mayhew

MARKETING MANAGER
Carrie Sherrill

PROFESSIONAL TECHNOLOGY & STRATEGY DIRECTOR
Barry Pruett

BUSINESS MANAGER
Amy Knies

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER
Jim Minatel

PROJECT COORDINATOR, COVER
Patrick Redmond

PROOFREADER
Amy J. Schneider

INDEXER
John Sleeva

COVER DESIGNER
Wiley

COVER IMAGE
© Digital Storn/Shutterstock

Acknowledgments

I WANT TO THANK Charlotte Kughen, who made my text so much more readable. Often I was working late at night writing while .NET Core was continuously evolving. Charlotte was of enormous help to change my ideas into great readable text. I’m almost sure that Charlotte now knows a lot more about programming than she would like to. Special thanks also goes to István Novák, who has authored several great books. Despite all the issues we had with the fast-evolving .NET Core and the interim builds I was using while working on the book, István challenged me to enhance the code samples that allow you—the reader—to better follow the flow. Thank you, Charlotte and István—you’ve been of great help for the quality of this book.

I also would like to thank Kenyon Brown and Jim Minatel and everyone else at Wiley who helped to get edition 10 of this great book to be published. I also want to thank my wife and children for supporting my writing. You understood and helped with the time I was working on the book, including evenings, nights, and weekends. Angela, Stephanie, and Matthias—you are my loved ones. This would not have been possible without you.

CONTENTS

Introduction

The Significance of .NET Core
The Significance of C#
What’s New in C# 6
What’s New with the Universal Windows Platform
What You Need to Write and Run C# Code
What This Book Covers
Conventions
Source Code
Errata
p2p.wrox.com

Part I: The C# Language

Chapter 1: .NET Application Architectures
1. Choosing Your Technologies
2. Reviewing .NET History
3. .NET 2015
4. Hello, World
5. Compiling with .NET 4.6
6. Compiling with .NET Core CLI
7. Application Types and Technologies
8. Developer Tools
9. Summary
Chapter 2: Core C#
1. Fundamentals of C#
2. Creating Hello, World! with Visual Studio
3. Working with Variables
4. Using Predefined Data Types
5. Controlling Program Flow
6. Working with Enumerations
7. Getting Organized with Namespaces
8. Understanding the Main Method
9. Using Comments
10. Understanding C# Preprocessor Directives
11. C# Programming Guidelines
12. Summary
Chapter 3: Objects and Types
1. Creating and Using Classes
2. Classes and Structs
3. Classes
4. Anonymous Types
5. Structs
6. Passing Parameters by Value and by Reference
7. Nullable Types
8. Enumerations
9. Partial Classes
10. Extension Methods
11. The Object Class
12. Summary
Chapter 4: Inheritance
1. Inheritance
2. Types of Inheritance
3. Implementation Inheritance
4. Modifiers
5. Interfaces
6. is and as Operators
7. Summary
Chapter 5: Managed and Unmanaged Resources
1. Resources
2. Memory Management Under the Hood
3. Strong and Weak References
4. Working with Unmanaged Resources
5. Unsafe Code
6. Platform Invoke
7. Summary
Chapter 6: Generics
1. Generics Overview
2. Creating Generic Classes
3. Generics Features
4. Generic Interfaces
5. Generic Structs
6. Generic Methods
7. Summary
Chapter 7: Arrays and Tuples
1. Multiple Objects of the Same and Different Types
2. Simple Arrays
3. Multidimensional Arrays
4. Jagged Arrays
5. Array Class
6. Arrays as Parameters
7. Enumerators
8. Tuples
9. Structural Comparison
10. Summary
Chapter 8: Operators and Casts
1. Operators and Casts
2. Operators
3. Type Safety
4. Comparing Objects for Equality
5. Operator Overloading
6. Implementing Custom Index Operators
7. User-Defined Casts
8. Summary
Chapter 9: Delegates, Lambdas, and Events
1. Referencing Methods
2. Delegates
3. Lambda Expressions
4. Events
5. Summary
Chapter 10: Strings and Regular Expressions
1. Examining System.String
2. String Formats
3. Regular Expressions
4. Summary
Chapter 11: Collections
1. Overview
2. Collection Interfaces and Types
3. Lists
4. Queues
5. Stacks
6. Linked Lists
7. Sorted List
8. Dictionaries
9. Sets
10. Performance
11. Summary
Chapter 12: Special Collections
1. Overview
2. Working with Bits
3. Observable Collections
4. Immutable Collections
5. Concurrent Collections
6. Summary
Chapter 13: Language Integrated Query
1. LINQ Overview
2. Standard Query Operators
3. Parallel LINQ
4. Expression Trees
5. LINQ Providers
6. Summary
Chapter 14: Errors and Exceptions
1. Introduction
2. Exception Classes
3. Catching Exceptions
4. User-Defined Exception Classes
5. Caller Information
6. Summary
Chapter 15: Asynchronous Programming
1. Why Asynchronous Programming Is Important
2. Asynchronous Patterns
3. Foundation of Asynchronous Programming
4. Error Handling
5. Cancellation
6. Summary
Chapter 16: Reflection, Metadata, and Dynamic Programming
1. Inspecting Code at RunTime and Dynamic Programming
2. Custom Attributes
3. Using Reflection
4. Using Dynamic Language Extensions for Reflection
5. The Dynamic Type
6. Dynamic Language Runtime
7. Hosting the DLR ScriptRuntime
8. DynamicObject and ExpandoObject
9. Summary

Part II: .NET Core and Windows Runtime

Chapter 17: Visual Studio 2015
1. Working with Visual Studio 2015
2. Creating a Project
3. Exploring and Coding a Project
4. Building a Project
5. Debugging Your Code
6. Refactoring Tools
7. Architecture Tools
8. Analyzing Applications
9. Summary
Chapter 18: .NET Compiler Platform
1. Introduction
2. Compiler Pipeline
3. Syntax Analysis
4. Semantics Analysis
5. Code Transformation
6. Visual Studio Code Refactoring
7. Summary
Chapter 19: Testing
1. Overview
2. Unit Testing with MSTest
3. Unit Testing with xUnit
4. UI Testing
5. Web Testing
6. Summary
Chapter 20: Diagnostics and Application Insights
1. Diagnostics Overview
2. Tracing with EventSource
3. Creating Custom Listeners
4. Working with Application Insights
5. Summary
Chapter 21: Tasks and Parallel Programming
1. Overview
2. Parallel Class
3. Tasks
4. Cancellation Framework
5. Data Flow
6. Summary
Chapter 22: Task Synchronization
1. Overview
2. Threading Issues
3. The lock Statement and Thread Safety
4. Interlocked
5. Monitor
6. SpinLock
7. WaitHandle
8. Mutex
9. Semaphore
10. Events
11. Barrier
12. ReaderWriterLockSlim
13. Timers
14. Summary
Chapter 23: Files and Streams
1. Introduction
2. Managing the File System
3. Enumerating Files
4. Working with Streams
5. Using Readers and Writers
6. Compressing Files
7. Watching File Changes
8. Working with Memory Mapped Files
9. Communicating with Pipes
10. Using Files and Streams with the Windows Runtime
11. Summary
Chapter 24: Security
1. Introduction
2. Verifying User Information
3. Encrypting Data
4. Access Control to Resources
5. Distributing Code Using Certificates
6. Summary
Chapter 25: Networking
1. Networking
2. The HttpClient Class
3. Working with the WebListener Class
4. Working with Utility Classes
5. Using TCP
6. Using UDP
7. Using Sockets
8. Summary
Chapter 26: Composition
1. Introduction
2. Architecture of the Composition Library
3. Defining Contracts
4. Exporting Parts
5. Importing Parts
6. Summary
Chapter 27: XML and JSON
1. Data Formats
2. Reading and Writing Streamed XML
3. Using the DOM in .NET
4. Using XPathNavigator
5. Serializing Objects in XML
6. LINQ to XML
7. JSON
8. Summary
Chapter 28: Localization
1. Global Markets
2. Namespace System.Globalization
3. Resources
4. Localization with WPF
5. Localization with ASP.NET Core
6. Localization with the Universal Windows Platform
7. Creating Custom Cultures
8. Summary

Part III: Windows Apps

Chapter 29: Core XAML
1. Uses of XAML
2. XAML Foundation
3. Dependency Properties
4. Routed Events
5. Attached Properties
6. Markup Extensions
7. Summary
Chapter 30: Styling XAML Apps
1. Styling
2. Shapes
3. Geometry
4. Transformation
5. Brushes
6. Styles and Resources
7. Templates
8. Animations
9. Visual State Manager
10. Summary
Chapter 31: Patterns with XAML Apps
1. Why MVVM?
2. Defining the MVVM Pattern
3. Sharing Code
4. Sample Solution
5. Models
6. View Models
7. Views
8. Messaging Using Events
9. IoC Container
10. Using a Framework
11. Summary
Chapter 32: Windows Apps: User Interfaces
1. Overview
2. Navigation
3. Layout
4. Commands
5. Compiled Data Binding
6. Controls
7. Summary
Chapter 33: Advanced Windows Apps
1. Overview
2. App Lifetime
3. Application Execution States
4. Navigation State
5. Sharing Data
6. App Services
7. Camera
8. Geolocation and MapControl
9. Sensors
10. Summary
Chapter 34: Windows Desktop Applications with WPF
1. Introduction
2. Controls
3. Layout
4. Triggers
5. Menu and Ribbon Controls
6. Commanding
7. Data Binding
8. TreeView
9. DataGrid
10. Summary
Chapter 35: Creating Documents with WPF
1. Introduction
2. Text Elements
3. Flow Documents
4. Fixed Documents
5. XPS Documents
6. Printing
7. Summary
Chapter 36: Deploying Windows Apps
1. Deployment as Part of the Application Life Cycle
2. Planning for Deployment
3. Traditional Deployment
4. ClickOnce
5. UWP Apps
6. Summary

Part IV: Web Applications and Services

Chapter 37: ADO.NET
1. ADO.NET Overview
2. Using Database Connections
3. Commands
4. Asynchronous Data Access
5. Transactions
6. Summary
Chapter 38: Entity Framework Core
1. History of Entity Framework
2. Introducing Entity Framework
3. Using Dependency Injection
4. Creating a Model
5. Working with Object State
6. Conflict Handling
7. Using Transactions
8. Summary
Chapter 39: Windows Services
1. What Is a Windows Service?
2. Windows Services Architecture
3. Creating a Windows Service Program
4. Monitoring and Controlling Windows Services
5. Troubleshooting and Event Logging
6. Summary
Chapter 40: ASP.NET Core
1. ASP.NET Core 1.0
2. Web Technologies
3. ASP.NET Web Project
4. Startup
5. Adding Static Content
6. Request and Response
7. Dependency Injection
8. Routing Using Map
9. Using Middleware
10. Session State
11. Configuring ASP.NET
12. Summary
Chapter 41: ASP.NET MVC
1. Setting Up Services for ASP.NET MVC 6
2. Defining Routes
3. Creating Controllers
4. Creating Views
5. Submitting Data from the Client
6. Working with HTML Helpers
7. Getting to Know Tag Helpers
8. Implementing Action Filters
9. Creating a Data-Driven Application
10. Implementing Authentication and Authorization
11. Summary
Chapter 42: ASP.NET Web API
1. Overview
2. Creating Services
3. Creating an Async Service
4. Creating a .NET Client
5. Writing to the Database
6. Creating Metadata
7. Creating and Using OData Services
8. Summary
Chapter 43: WebHooks and SignalR
1. Overview
2. Architecture of SignalR
3. A Simple Chat Using SignalR
4. Grouping Connections
5. Architecture of WebHooks
6. Creating Dropbox and GitHub Receivers
7. Summary
Chapter 44: Windows Communication Foundation
1. WCF Overview
2. Creating a Simple Service and Client
3. Contracts
4. Service Behaviors
5. Binding
6. Hosting
7. Clients
8. Duplex Communication
9. Routing
10. Summary
Chapter 45: Deploying Websites and Services
1. Deploying Web Applications
2. Preparing for Deployment
3. Deploying to Internet Information Server
4. Deploying to Microsoft Azure
5. Deploying to Docker
6. Summary

Advert

EULA

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.5

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
Figure 2.8
Figure 2.9

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1
Figure 5.2
Figure 5.3
Figure 5.4
Figure 5.5
Figure 5.6
Figure 5.7

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1
Figure 7.2
Figure 7.3
Figure 7.4
Figure 7.5
Figure 7.6
Figure 7.7

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1
Figure 11.2
Figure 11.3
Figure 11.4
Figure 11.5

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1
Figure 12.2

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1
Figure 15.2

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1
Figure 16.2
Figure 16.3

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1
Figure 17.2
Figure 17.3
Figure 17.4
Figure 17.5
Figure 17.6
Figure 17.7
Figure 17.8
Figure 17.9
Figure 17.10
Figure 17.11
Figure 17.12
Figure 17.13
Figure 17.14
Figure 17.15
Figure 17.16
Figure 17.17
Figure 17.18
Figure 17.19
Figure 17.20
Figure 17.21
Figure 17.22
Figure 17.23
Figure 17.24
Figure 17.25
Figure 17.26
Figure 17.27
Figure 17.28
Figure 17.29
Figure 17.30
Figure 17.31
Figure 17.32
Figure 17.33
Figure 17.34
Figure 17.35
Figure 17.36
Figure 17.37
Figure 17.38
Figure 17.39
Figure 17.40
Figure 17.41
Figure 17.42
Figure 17.43
Figure 17.44
Figure 17.45
Figure 17.46
Figure 17.47
Figure 17.48
Figure 17.49
Figure 17.50
Figure 17.51
Figure 17.52
Figure 17.53
Figure 17.54
Figure 17.55
Figure 17.56
Figure 17.57
Figure 17.58
Figure 17.59

Chapter 18

Figure 18.1
Figure 18.2
Figure 18.3
Figure 18.4
Figure 18.5
Figure 18.6
Figure 18.7
Figure 18.8

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1
Figure 19.2
Figure 19.3
Figure 19.4
Figure 19.5
Figure 19.6
Figure 19.7
Figure 19.8
Figure 19.9
Figure 19.10
Figure 19.11
Figure 19.12
Figure 19.13
Figure 19.14
Figure 19.15
Figure 19.16
Figure 19.17
Figure 19.18

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1
Figure 20.2
Figure 20.3
Figure 20.4
Figure 20.5
Figure 20.6
Figure 20.7
Figure 20.8
Figure 20.9

Chapter 22

Figure 22.1
Figure 22.2

Chapter 23

Figure 23.1
Figure 23.2
Figure 23.3
Figure 23.4

Chapter 24

Figure 24.1
Figure 24.2

Chapter 25

Figure 25.1
Figure 25.2
Figure 25.3
Figure 25.4
Figure 25.5

Chapter 26

Figure 26.1
Figure 26.2
Figure 26.3
Figure 26.4
Figure 26.5
Figure 26.6
Figure 26.7
Figure 26.8

Chapter 28

Figure 28.1
Figure 28.2
Figure 28.3
Figure 28.4
Figure 28.5
Figure 28.6
Figure 28.7
Figure 28.8
Figure 28.9
Figure 28.10
Figure 28.11
Figure 28.12

Chapter 29

Figure 29.1

Chapter 30

Figure 30.1
Figure 30.2
Figure 30.3
Figure 30.4
Figure 30.5
Figure 30.6
Figure 30.7
Figure 30.8
Figure 30.9
Figure 30.10
Figure 30.11
Figure 30.12
Figure 30.13
Figure 30.14
Figure 30.15
Figure 30.16
Figure 30.17
Figure 30.18
Figure 30.19
Figure 30.20
Figure 30.21
Figure 30.22
Figure 30.23
Figure 30.24
Figure 30.25
Figure 30.26
Figure 30.27
Figure 30.28
Figure 30.29
Figure 30.30
Figure 30.31
Figure 30.32

Chapter 31

Figure 31.1
Figure 31.2
Figure 31.3
Figure 31.4
Figure 31.5
Figure 31.6
Figure 31.7
Figure 31.8
Figure 31.9
Figure 31.10
Figure 31.11

Chapter 32

Figure 32.1
Figure 32.2
Figure 32.3
Figure 32.4
Figure 32.5
Figure 32.6
Figure 32.7
Figure 32.8
Figure 32.9
Figure 32.10
Figure 32.11
Figure 32.12
Figure 32.13
Figure 32.14
Figure 32.15
Figure 32.16
Figure 32.17
Figure 32.18
Figure 32.19
Figure 32.20
Figure 32.21
Figure 32.22
Figure 32.23
Figure 32.24
Figure 32.25
Figure 32.26
Figure 32.27
Figure 32.28
Figure 32.29
Figure 32.30

Chapter 33

Figure 33.1
Figure 33.2
Figure 33.3
Figure 33.4
Figure 33.5
Figure 33.6
Figure 33.7
Figure 33.8
Figure 33.9
Figure 33.10
Figure 33.11
Figure 33.12
Figure 33.13
Figure 33.14
Figure 33.15
Figure 33.16
Figure 33.17

Chapter 34

Figure 34.1
Figure 34.2
Figure 34.3
Figure 34.4
Figure 34.5
Figure 34.6
Figure 34.7
Figure 34.8
Figure 34.9
Figure 34.10
Figure 34.11
Figure 34.12
Figure 34.13
Figure 34.14
Figure 34.15
Figure 34.16
Figure 34.17
Figure 34.18
Figure 34.19
Figure 34.20
Figure 34.21
Figure 34.22
Figure 34.23
Figure 34.24
Figure 34.25
Figure 34.26
Figure 34.27
Figure 34.28
Figure 34.29
Figure 34.30

Chapter 35

Figure 35.1
Figure 35.2
Figure 35.3
Figure 35.3
Figure 35.4
Figure 35.5
Figure 35.6
Figure 35.7
Figure 35.8
Figure 35.9
Figure 35.10
Figure 35.11
Figure 35.12
Figure 35.13
Figure 35.14

Chapter 36

Figure 36.1
Figure 36.2
Figure 36.3
Figure 36.4
Figure 36.5
Figure 36.6
Figure 36.7
Figure 36.8
Figure 36.9
Figure 36.10
Figure 36.11
Figure 36.12
Figure 36.13

Chapter 37

Figure 37.1
Figure 37.2

Chapter 38

Figure 38.1

Chapter 39

Figure 39.1
Figure 39.2
Figure 39.3
Figure 39.4
Figure 39.5
Figure 39.6
Figure 39.7
Figure 39.8
Figure 39.9
Figure 39.10
Figure 39.11
Figure 39.12
Figure 39.13
Figure 39.14
Figure 39.15
Figure 39.16

Chapter 40

Figure 40.1
Figure 40.2
Figure 40.3
Figure 40.4
Figure 40.5
Figure 40.6
Figure 40.7
Figure 40.8
Figure 40.9
Figure 40.10
Figure 40.11
Figure 40.12
Figure 40.13
Figure 40.14
Figure 40.15
Figure 40.16
Figure 40.17
Figure 40.18

Chapter 41

Figure 41.1
Figure 41.2
Figure 41.3
Figure 41.4
Figure 41.5
Figure 41.6
Figure 41.7
Figure 41.8
Figure 41.9
Figure 41.10
Figure 41.11
Figure 41.12
Figure 41.13
Figure 41.14
Figure 41.15
Figure 41.16

Chapter 42

Figure 42.1
Figure 42.2
Figure 42.3
Figure 42.4

Chapter 43

Figure 43.1
Figure 43.2
Figure 43.3
Figure 43.4
Figure 43.5
Figure 43.6
Figure 43.7
Figure 43.8
Figure 43.9
Figure 43.10
Figure 43.11

Chapter 44

Figure 44.1
Figure 44.2
Figure 44.3
Figure 44.4
Figure 44.5
Figure 44.6
Figure 44.7
Figure 44.8
Figure 44.9
Figure 44.10
Figure 44.11
Figure 44.12

Chapter 45

Figure 45.1
Figure 45.2
Figure 45.3
Figure 45.4
Figure 45.5
Figure 45.6
Figure 45.7
Figure 45.8
Figure 45.9
Figure 45.10
Figure 45.11
Figure 45.12
Figure 45.13
Figure 45.14
Figure 45.15
Figure 45.16
Figure 45.17
Figure 45.18