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<p>PREFACE ix</p> <p>ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE xi</p> <p><b>1 AVAILABLE ENERGY RESOURCES 1</b></p> <p>1.1 Civilization and the Search for Sustainable Energy 1</p> <p>1.2 The Planet’s Energy Resources and Energy Consumption 4</p> <p>1.3 The Greenhouse Effect and its Influence on Quality of Life and the Ecosphere 6</p> <p>1.4 Nonrenewable Energy Resources 11</p> <p>1.5 Renewable Energy Sources 20</p> <p>1.6 Energy Storage 38</p> <p>1.7 Energy Ethics 40</p> <p>Problems 41</p> <p>Multiple Choice Questions 41</p> <p>Bibliography 43</p> <p><b>2 CHEMISTRY BACKGROUND 45</b></p> <p>2.1 Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium 45</p> <p>2.2 Acid–Base Chemistry 52</p> <p>2.3 Chemical Thermodynamics 62</p> <p>2.4 Chemical Kinetics 78</p> <p>2.5 Electrochemistry (Oxidation–Reduction Reactions) 99</p> <p>2.6 Organic Chemistry 104</p> <p>2.7 Polymer Chemistry 129</p> <p>2.8 Photochemistry 154</p> <p>2.9 Plasma Chemistry 165</p> <p>Problems 173</p> <p>Multiple Choice Questions 173</p> <p>Bibliography 182</p> <p><b>3 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 189</b></p> <p>3.1 Electrolysis 189</p> <p>3.2 Thermolysis (Thermal Reactions Involving Solar Energy) 191</p> <p>3.3 Photovoltaic Electrolysis 193</p> <p>3.4 Plasma ARC Decomposition 195</p> <p>3.5 Thermochemical Process (Thermal Decompositions by Processes</p> <p>other than Solar Energy) 195</p> <p>3.6 Photocatalysis 196</p> <p>3.7 Biomass Conversion 200</p> <p>3.8 Gasification 201</p> <p>3.9 High-Temperature Electrolysis 202</p> <p>3.10 Miscellaneous Methods 204</p> <p>3.11 Comparative Efficiencies 204</p> <p>Problems 207</p> <p>References 208</p> <p><b>4 HYDROGEN PROPERTIES 209</b></p> <p>4.1 Occurrence of Hydrogen, Properties, and Use 209</p> <p>4.2 Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier 217</p> <p>4.3 Hydrogen Storage 219</p> <p>Multiple Choice Questions 230</p> <p>Bibliography 233</p> <p><b>5 HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND TECHNOLOGY 235</b></p> <p>5.1 Production of Hydrogen 235</p> <p>5.2 Hydrogen Transportation, Storage, and Distribution 249</p> <p>5.3 Hydrogen Safety 252</p> <p>5.4 Hydrogen Technology Assessment 254</p> <p>Multiple Choice Questions 259</p> <p>Bibliography 261</p> <p><b>6 BATTERIES 265</b></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 265</p> <p>6.2 Definitions 274</p> <p>6.3 Working Units 276</p> <p>6.4 Examples of Selected Batteries 279</p> <p>6.5 Conducting Polymer Batteries (Organic Batteries) 283</p> <p>6.6 Practical Considerations 286</p> <p>6.7 Electric Transportation 290</p> <p>Problems 302</p> <p>Multiple Choice Questions 303</p> <p>Bibliography 303</p> <p><b>7 FUEL CELL ESSENTIALS 307</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 307</p> <p>7.2 Definition of Fuel 309</p> <p>7.3 What is a Fuel Value? 309</p> <p>7.4 Why do we Want to use Hydrogen as Fuel? 312</p> <p>7.5 Classification of Fuel Cells 312</p> <p>7.6 Open Circuit Voltages of Fuel Cells 315</p> <p>7.7 Thermodynamic Estimate of Fuel Cell Voltage 320</p> <p>7.8 Efficiency of a Fuel Cell 322</p> <p>7.9 Efficiency and Temperature 323</p> <p>7.10 Influence of Electrode Material on Current Output 323</p> <p>7.11 Pressure Dependence of Fuel Cell Voltage 324</p> <p>7.12 Thermodynamic Prediction of Heat Generated in a Fuel Cell 328</p> <p>7.13 Fuel Cell Management 329</p> <p>7.14 Rate of Consumption of Hydrogen and Oxygen 334</p> <p>7.15 Rate of Production of Water 335</p> <p>7.16 Fuel Crossover Problem 337</p> <p>7.17 Polymer Membranes for PEMFC 337</p> <p>7.18 Parts of PEMFC and Fabrication 347</p> <p>7.19 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) 355</p> <p>7.20 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) 357</p> <p>7.21 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 361</p> <p>7.22 Flowchart for Fuel Cell Development 369</p> <p>7.23 Relative Merits of Fuel Cells 369</p> <p>7.24 Fuel Cell Technology 371</p> <p>7.25 Fuel Cells for Special Applications 374</p> <p>7.26 Fuel Cell Reformers 375</p> <p>7.27 Fuel Cell System Architecture 376</p> <p>Appendix 7: Redox Reactions in DMFC 383</p> <p>Problems 384</p> <p>Multiple Choice Questions 385</p> <p>Bibliography 388</p> <p><b>8 FUEL CELLS APPLICATIONS 393</b></p> <p>8.1 Stationary Power Production 393</p> <p>8.2 Fuel Cell Transportation 394</p> <p>8.3 Micropower Systems 401</p> <p>8.4 Mobile and Residential Power Systems 402</p> <p>8.5 Fuel Cells for Space and Military Applications 403</p> <p>8.6 Conclusion 404</p> <p>Multiple Choice Questions 405</p> <p>Bibliography 405</p> <p>INDEX 407</p>

<p><b>K.S.V. SANTHANAM</b> is a Professor in Rochester Institute of Technology's School of Chemistry and Materials Science. <p><b>ROMAN J. PRESS</b> is a Visiting Researcher at the Rochester Institute of Technology. <p><b>MASSOUD J. MIRI</b> is a Professor in Rochester Institute of Technology's School of Chemistry and Materials Science. <p><b>ALLA V. BAILEY</b> is a Principal lecturer in the School of Chemistry and Materials Science at Rochester Institute of Technology. <p><b>GERALD A. TAKACS</b> is a Professor in School of Chemistry and Materials Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

<p><b>INTRODUCES THE FIELD OF HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY AND EXPLAINS THE BASIC CHEMISTRY UNDERLYING PROMISING AND INNOVATIVE NEW TECHNOLOGIES</b> <p>This new and completely updated edition of <i>Introduction to Hydrogen Technology</i> explains, at an introductory level, the scientific and technical aspects of hydrogen technology. It incorporates information on the latest developments and the current research in the field, including: new techniques for isolating and storing hydrogen, usage as a fuel for automobiles, residential power systems, mobile power systems, and space applications. <p><i>Introduction to Hydrogen Technology, Second Edition</i> features classroom-tested exercises and sample problems. It details new economical methods for isolating the pure hydrogen molecule. These less expensive methods help make hydrogen fuel a very viable alternative to petroleum-based energy. The book also adds a new chapter on hydrogen production and batteries. It also provides in-depth coverage of the many technical hurdles in hydrogen storage. The developments in fuel cells since the last edition has been updated. <ul> <li>Offers new chapters on hydrogen production, storage, and batteries</li> <li>Features new sections on advanced hydrogen systems, new membranes, greenhouse gas sensors and updated technologies involving solar and wind energies</li> <li>Includes problems at the end of the Chapters, as well as solutions for adopters</li> </ul> <p>This book is an introduction to hydrogen technology for students who have taken at least one course in general chemistry and calculus; it will also be a resource book for scientists and researchers working in hydrogen-based technologies, as well as anyone interested in sustainable energy.

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