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"The Republic" - Plato's dialogue dedicated to the problem of an ideal state. Written in 360 BC n. e. From Plato's point of view, the state is
expression of the idea of justice. For the first time in dialogue philosophers are clearly defined as people capable of comprehending that which is eternally identical to myself.
The dialogue contains taxonomy and a brief critical analysis of types of government devices (ideal "state of the future", which does not yet exist is not included in it), placed by Plato on a gradual scale degradation that looks like evolution over time, but the irreversibility of such evolution is not directly affirms, and the very question of the inevitability of degradation is not set explicitly, so if desired, this degradation can only be considered a description some tendency, very similar to the decomposition building primitive democracy. This is the type scale states (from best to worst): Aristocracy and monarchy, Timocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, Tyranny.