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Greek and Latin Roots of Medical and Scientific Terminologies

1. Aufl.

von: Todd A. Curtis
34,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	19.08.2024
ISBN/EAN:	9781118358498
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	528

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Titelbeschreibung

New edition of an established, well-regarded, and evidence-based resource on the subject of renal nursing Greek and Latin Roots of Medical and Scientific Terminologies explains the Greek and Latin origins of the roots, prefixes, and suffixes of terms used in “med-speak,” the specialized language of medicine, science, and healthcare. By presenting medical terms in their historical context, this innovative textbook discusses relevant aspects of ancient Greek and Roman medical theories and practices while teaching students to apply principles of word analysis, synthesis, and pronunciation. Clear and accessible chapters—organized around the modern categories of body systems—contain thorough explanations of ancient medico-scientific culture, etymological notes, images, tables of vocabulary, and a range of exercises designed to increase student comprehension and retention. Divided into two units, the text first introduces the historical background of ancient Greek medicine and describes the principles of analyzing, constructing, pronouncing, and spelling medical terms. It then discusses Latin and Greek grammar and modern nomenclature in medicine, natural sciences, chemistry, and pharmacy. The second unit teaches the Greek and Latin prefixes, suffixes, roots, eponyms, and loan words relevant to the systems of the body: integumentary, musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Allowing instructors to teach medical terminology as a true classical civilizations course, this unique volume: <ul> <li>Features the history of ancient Greek medicine and explains the ancient Greek and Latin origins of medical terms and how they came to have their current meaning</li> <li>Covers the loan words, eponyms, and the components of basic medico-scientific terms, providing topical tables of commonly used prefixes, suffixes, and roots</li> <li>Includes a list of common abbreviations and symbols used in medico-scientific writing</li> <li>Teaches abbreviated Latin grammatical paradigms necessary for anatomical taxonomy</li> <li>Uses a programmed learning approach that features numerous activities and exercises, including analyzing and constructing terms, interpreting passages from medical notes and scientific journals, and identification and spelling questions</li> </ul> Linking medical terms to the history, literature, and mythology of ancient culture, Greek and Latin Roots of Medical and Scientific Terminologies is an ideal introductory textbook for college-level medical terminology courses, particularly those taught by Classicists.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

To the Student xi To the Instructor xiv Acknowledgments xvi About the Companion Website xvii Unit I Basics of Medical and Scientific Terminology 1 1 The Historical Origins of Greek and Latin in Medical Terminology 3 Historical Origins of Greek in Medical Terminology 3 Historical Origins of Latin in Medical Terminology 5 Asclepius and the Symbols of Medicine 6 Famous Ancient Greek Physicians 9 Hippocrates 11 Galen 11 Some Suggested Readings 12 2 Greek and Latin Word Elements in Medical Terminology 13 Lessons from History: Aphorism 1.1 and Etymology 13 Some Suggested Readings 14 Etymological Terms 15 Eponym 15 Loan Word 15 Derivative 16 Compound Word 16 Inflection 16 Root 17 Prefix 18 Suffix 18 Combining Vowel and Combing Form 19 Usage of Combining Vowels 19 Elision 19 Assimilation 20 Vowel Gradation (Ablaut) 20 Semantics 22 Etymology and Semantics 22 Meaning via Word Analysis 22 Word Elements with Multiple Meanings 23 Synonyms 23 Homographs 24 Literal Meaning Versus Technical Definition 24 Spelling 24 The Greek Alphabet 24 Transliteration 25 Alternate Spellings of Greek Words 25 Alternate Spellings of Latin Words 26 Pluralization 27 Common Classical Plural Forms in Medico-Scientific English 27 Pronunciation 28 Phonetic Spelling 28 Guidelines for the Pronunciation of Medico-Scientific Terms 29 Vowels 29 Final Vowel 29 Diphthongs 30 Consonants 30 Consonant Clusters 31 Syllables 31 Stress 31 Pronunciation of Word Elements 32 Vocabulary 32 Prefixes 32 Greek Prefixes 33 Latin Prefixes 34 Suffixes 36 Greek Suffixes 37 Latin Suffixes 37 3 Anatomical Terminology 40 Lessons from History: Alexandrian Origins of Human Dissection and the Rise of Anatomical Latin 40 Some Suggested Readings 43 Latin Anatomical Nouns 43 Inflection 43 Case 43 Nominative Case 43 Genitive Case 43 Number 44 Gender 45 Declensions 45 Using Latin Dictionaries 46 Latin Nouns for General Parts of the Human Body 49 Greek Anatomical Nouns 57 Declensions 57 Greek Nouns in Anatomical Latin 58 Latin Anatomical Adjectives 62 Types of Latin Adjectives 62 1st and 2nd Declension-Type Adjectives 63 Third Declension-Type Adjectives 64 Comparative Adjectives 64 Creation of Latin Anatomical Adjectives 65 Latin Adjectives for Positions and Planes of the Body 65 4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Terminology 70 Lessons from History: Celsus’ Description of Greek Medicine 70 Some Suggested Readings 74 Vocabulary 75 Lessons from History: Celsus on the Preservation of Health 76 Some Suggested Readings 78 Vocabulary 78 Lessons from History: Celsus and the Diagnosis of Disease 80 Some Suggested Readings 82 Vocabulary 83 Lessons from History: Celsus and Ancient Greek Surgery 90 Some Suggested Readings 92 Surgical Compound Suffixes 92 Surgical Word Elements 94 Lessons from History: Hippocratic Epidemics and Progress Notes 95 Some Suggested Readings 96 SOAP Notes 96 5 Chemical and Pharmacological Terminology 98 Lessons from History: The Greek Alphabet and Modern Scientific Notation 98 Some Suggested Readings 99 Roman Numerals 101 Word Elements for Greek and Latin Numbers 101 Greek Cardinal Numbers 102 Greek Ordinal Numbers 103 Adverbs and Numbers 103 Latin Cardinal Numbers 104 Latin Ordinal Numbers 105 Lessons from History: The Four Classical Elements and the Elements of Chemistry 106 Some Suggested Readings 109 Etymological Explanations: Chemical Elements 109 Etymologies of Chemical Elements Derived from Greek 109 Etymologies of Chemical Elements Derived from Latin 112 Greek Mythological Characters and the Etymology of Modern Elements 112 Commonly Used Greek and Latin Word Elements in Chemical Terminology 115 Lessons from History: Ancient Greek Drugs and Modern Pharmaceutical Terminology 118 Some Suggested Readings 121 Etymological Explanations: The Abbreviations and Symbols Used in Prescriptions 121 Unit II Body Systems 125 6 Integumentary System 127 Lessons from History: Ancient and Modern Concepts of Skin and Its Appendages 127 Some Suggested Readings 130 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of the Integumentary System 130 Lessons from History: Hippocrates’ On Ulcers and Dermatology 135 Some Suggested Readings 137 Etymological Explanations: Lesions 137 Lessons from History: Skin Color in Ancient Greek Medicine and Science 141 Some Suggested Readings 143 Vocabulary 143 Lessons from History: Terms for Skin Diseases in Ancient Greek and Modern Medicine 144 Some Suggested Readings 148 Lessons from History: Cosmetics and Plastic Surgery in Ancient Greek Medicine 150 Some Suggested Readings 152 Etymological Explanations: Grafts 152 Vocabulary 153 7 Musculoskeletal System 154 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the General Parts of the Musculoskeletal System 154 Etymological Explanations: Greek and Latin Roots for the Parts of Bones 159 Lessons from History: Galen’s Bones for Beginners and the Teaching of Anatomy 161 Some Suggested Readings 164 Etymological Explanations: Greek and Latin Roots for the Skeletal Bones 164 Etymological Explanations: Greek and Latin Roots for the Parts and Movements of Muscles 174 Lessons from History: Muscles in Ancient Greek Medicine 177 Some Suggested Readings 182 Lessons from History: History of Orthopedics and Hippocratic Medicine 184 Some Suggested Readings 188 Etymological Explanations: Greek and Latin Roots for Orthopedic Terms 188 8 Cardiovascular System, Blood, and Lymph 197 Lessons from History: Galen’s Theory of Blood Flow and the Circulation of Blood 197 Some Suggested Readings 200 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System 200 Lessons from History: The Pulse and the Diagnosis of Disease 209 Some Suggested Readings 212 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Physiology of Cardiovascular System 212 Lessons from History: Changing Concepts of Blood 219 Some Suggested Readings 223 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for Blood and Lymph 224 Etymological Explanations: Pathologies of Blood and Lymph 230 9 Respiratory System 236 Lessons from History: Aristotle’s Theory of Respiration 236 Suggested Readings 238 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of Respiratory System 238 Lessons from History: Ancient and Modern Notions of Air 248 Suggested Readings 249 Etymological Explanations: Respiration and Air 250 Lessons from History: Hippocratic Diagnosis and Treatment of Empyema 253 Suggested Readings 255 Etymological Explanations: Pathologies of the Respiratory System 255 10 Nervous System and Psychology 261 Lessons from History: Mental Faculties and the Ventricles Brain in Ancient Philosophy and Medicine 261 Suggested Readings 266 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of the Nervous System 267 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Nervous System 280 Lessons from History: Mental Illness in Ancient Greek Medicine 291 Suggested Readings 294 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for Psychological Terms 294 11 Eye, Ear, and Special Senses 301 Lessons from History: Aristotle’s Hierarchy of Senses 301 Some Suggested Readings 304 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Five Senses 304 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of the Eye 306 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Pathologies of the Eye 313 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of the Ear 320 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Pathologies of the Ear 325 12 Endocrine System 329 Lessons from History: Paradigm, Perception, and the Pineal Gland 329 Some Suggested Readings 333 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy and Physiology of Glands 333 Types of Glands and Secretions 333 Endocrine Glands 335 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for Hormones 339 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Endocrine System 343 13 Gastrointestinal System 347 Lessons from History: The Gastrointestinal System and Figures of Speech 347 Some Suggested Readings 349 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System 349 Lessons from History: Digestion and Diet in Hippocratic and Modern Medicine 362 Some Suggested Readings 365 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for Aliment, Digestion, and Defecation 366 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for Pathologies of the Gastrointestinal System 370 14 Urinary System 381 Lessons from History: Ancient Greek Medical Explanations of the Physiology of the Urinary System 381 Some Suggested Readings 382 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Anatomy of the Urinary System 383 Lessons from History: Uroscopy and Urinalysis 387 Some Suggested Readings 390 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for Urine and Urination 390 Lessons from History: Lithotomy and the Hippocratic Oath 394 Some Suggested Readings 397 15 Male and Female Reproductive Systems 401 Lessons from History: Ancient Greek and Roman Conceptions of the Penis 401 Some Suggested Readings 406 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Male Reproductive System 406 Lessons from History: Society and Ancient Greek Medicine’s Interpretation of the Female Genitalia 415 Some Suggested Readings 420 Etymological Explanations: Common Terms and Word Elements for the Female Reproductive System 420 Lessons from History: The Formation of the Fetus, Abortion, and Birth Defects in Ancient Greek Medicine and Society 429 Some Suggested Readings 432 Etymological Explanations: Obstetrics 432 Appendix A 439 Appendix B 504

Autorenportrait

TODD A. CURTIS is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Classics at The University of Texas, Austin, where he regularly teaches courses on medical terminology and the history of medicine. He is the author of Anatomical Latin: A Programmed Approach to Learning the Grammar and Vocabulary of Anatomical Latin and numerous writings on genre and rhetoric in the Galenic Corpus.

Back cover copy

Greek and Latin Roots of Medical and Scientific Terminologies links medical terms to the history, literature, and mythology of ancient culture and allows classicists to teach medical terminology as a true classical civilizations course This unique textbook provides a working knowledge of “med-speak,” the specialized language of medicine and science. Requiring no background in Greek or Latin, students will learn the literal meanings of the Greek and Latin words and word elements that form medico-scientific language by using a linguistic approach to this terminology. By presenting medical terms in their historical context, the author helps students easily memorize Greek and Latin vocabulary, recognize the meaning of compound terms, and decipher unfamiliar medical nomenclature by applying principles of word analysis, synthesis, and pronunciation. The chapters are organized around body systems, containing clear explanations of ancient medico-scientific culture, etymological notes, images, and tables of vocabulary. The textbook’s accompanying website provides review questions and numerous exercises that will help students to develop a strong understanding of Greek and Latin word elements in a wide variety of medical and scientific contexts. The practical approaches taken in this textbook provide a solid foundation to learning medico-scientific language: <ul><li>Teaches the etymologies of Greek and Latin prefixes, suffixes, roots, eponyms, and loan words</li><li>Covers the analysis, construction, pronunciation, and spelling of medical terms </li><li>Addresses the grammatical paradigms used in anatomical Latin</li><li>Explains how these terms are used in the context of modern medicine, pharmacy, and life sciences</li><li>Includes a list of common abbreviations and symbols used in medical documentation and scientific writing</li></ul>

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