Details

1. Introduction.- 2. Classifying Political Regimes.- 3. The Research Population.- 4. How Dual Executives Emerge.- 5. Patterns of Transformations in Dual Executives.- 6. How Dual Executives End.- 7. Conclusion.

<p><b>Carsten Anckar</b> is Professor of Political Science at Åbo Akademi University, Finland.<br></p>

<div>During the last three decades, there has been a growing interest in systems that combine elements of parliamentarism and presidentialism. Despite the fact that much attention has been directed towards the semi-presidential form of government in particular, it is evident that many aspects of regime forms remain unexplored. This book systematically categorises democratic political regimes with a separate head of state and government (including regimes with a monarch and prime minister, and president and PM) globally and over a long historical period 1850–2019. It analyses how regimes with a dual executive emerge and what trajectories they follow. It also explores the stability of these regimes across time and space. An important feature of this endeavour is to address actual powers of the head of state rather than constitutional provisions.<br></div><div><p><b>Carsten Anckar</b>&nbsp;is Professor of Political Science at Åbo Akademi University, Finland.<br></p></div>

Moves beyond the category of semi-presidentialism, accounting for a larger set of executive power-sharing systems Is extensive in time and space as it covers all democratic countries with dual executives during the period 1850-2019 Accounts for a large set of actual powers of heads of state rather than on constitutional provisions

“Scholars of comparative institutions have long neglected executive power sharing between heads of state and prime ministers in regimes that do not properly fit established definitions of semi-presidentialism. Carsten Anckar’s comprehensive study fills this glaring gap in the literature. It marks the first serious endeavor to move beyond the category of semi-presidentialism when examining how different types of dual executive regimes emerge, transform, and survive across time and space. Rich in its empirical scope and general findings, yet attentive to contextual conditions of specific countries, this study is comparative politics at its finest. Anckar’s book makes a significant theoretical and empirical contribution and will be a focal point of reference for scholars of democratic regimes for years to come.” (—<b>Thomas Sedelius</b>, Professor of Political Science, Dalarna University, Sweden)